Ultraprocessed Foods Linked to Fatty Muscle Changes and Higher Health Risks, Study Finds

A new study is raising concerns about the impact of ultraprocessed foods on the human body, showing they may cause fat to build up inside muscles, weakening them and increasing the risk of serious health conditions.

Researchers used MRI scans to examine participants’ thigh muscles and found that people who consumed higher amounts of ultraprocessed foods had significantly more “fat marbling” within their muscle tissue — similar in appearance to a well-marbled steak.

This type of fat infiltration, known as intramuscular fat, can reduce muscle strength and function. Experts say weaker muscles can lead to a higher risk of knee osteoarthritis, a condition that affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide.

The study found a strong association between ultraprocessed food consumption and increased fat in muscles, regardless of total calorie intake. That means even people who are not overeating could still face risks if their diets rely heavily on processed foods.

Ultraprocessed foods — such as sugary drinks, packaged snacks, and candy — already have well-established links to obesity, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and other chronic illnesses. In the United States, more than half of adults’ daily calories come from these types of foods.

While the study does not prove that ultraprocessed foods directly cause muscle fat buildup, researchers say the connection is strong and concerning. The findings suggest that diet quality plays a major role in muscle health, not just weight or calorie count.

Experts recommend focusing on whole, minimally processed foods and incorporating low-impact exercise and strength training to improve muscle quality and reduce long-term health risks.

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